Style Guide

Documentation and Listing Sources

Introduction

Short Papers

Long Papers

Text Formatting

Documentation and Listing Sources

Reference Words and Abbreviations

Proofreading Marks and Abbreviations

Appendix

The standard of scholarship requires that all source material be documented or acknowledged, not merely as a matter of honesty but also as a validation of the work. Ideas or statements that have been taken from any publication, lecture, interview or other source should be given their proper credit in the text. This credit for borrowed material may be given by means of parenthetical documentation within the text, footnotes at the bottom of the page, or endnotes following the body of the text. Regardless of which method of in-text documentation used, a final listing of all works cited must be included at the end of the paper.

I. CITING REFERENCES

A. Parenthetical documentation is the preferred method of citing references in research papers. Refer to pages 7-8 in this document. A sample of a paragraph using parenthetical documentation is given below.

"The first law of motion also states that objects with greater mass require more force to change the velocity. The resistance any object has to a change in velocity is called inertia" (Cuevas and Lamb 88). Starting and stopping the motion of a car rolling down-hill is more difficult than starting and stopping the motion of a tricycle.

B. Footnotes are a means of giving credit to the original source of information without interrupting the discussion in the text. Word processors have simplified adding footnotes to the bottom of the page; therefore, directions for individual manufacturers must be followed. For a complete explanation of footnotes see the Appendix.

C. Endnotes are written according to the same rules as footnotes except endnotes are written on a separate page following the text not at the bottom of the text page. Further explanation of this method can be found in the Appendix.

II. LISTING SOURCES USED ON THE Works Cited PAGE

A. All scources referred to in the body of the paper, regardless of the format used, must again be listed, alphabetically, at the end of the research paper.

B. The most acceptable title for this section is Works Cited. (Do not print in all capital letters and do not underline.)

1. Occasionally the title References may be used. (APA style)
2. Occasionally the title Bibliography may be required; check with the instructor for his/her preference.

C. Much of the information stated in the footnotes is included in the "Works Cited" section but in a special form.
At the left margin write the author's last name Comma Space Author's first name Period Two spaces Title of work underlined Period Two spaces Place of publishing Colon Two spaces Publisher Comma Space Year of publication Period. Indent all lines except the first line of each citation.

D. All entries should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced with a double-space between entries.

Books:

One author

Oman, Charles W. Castles. New York: Beekman House, 1978.

Two or more authors (If authors are not editors, omit "eds." Any authors listed after the first one are listed with the first name and then last name.)

Pinnell, Gay Su and Myna L. Matlin, eds. Teachers and Research. Delaware: International Reading Assoc., 1989.

An article written in an anthology or collection of articles (Note the period after the year and again after the page numbers.)

Goodman, Kenneth. "Language Development: Issues, Insights, and Implementation." Teachers and Research. Ed. Gay Su Pinnell and Myna L. Matlin. Delaware: International Reading Assoc., 1989. 130-137.

No author listed

Volcano. Alexandria: Time Life Books, 1984.

Two citations by the same author
When two or more citations are listed from the same author, replace the author's name with three dashes in the second and successive listings. Alphabetize by title.

Oman, Charles W. Castles. New York: Beekman House, 1978. ---, Dungeons. New York: Beekman House, 1979.

A reference book or an encyclopedia

"International Peace Garden." Encyclopedia Americana. 1992 ed.

Newspaper or magazine articles

A newspaper article (Months of the year with 5 or more letters are abbreviated and page numbers are given .)

McEnroe, Paul. "Security gaps found at airport." Star Tribune 21 July 1996, Mpls. ed.: Al.

Magazine with a date

Campbell, Julie. "Captivated by Costa Rica." Sports Illustrated 20 Feb. 1995: 109+.

Magazine with a volume number (Note quote within a quote. Also: If a journal entry needs an issue number included type the Volume number Period Issue number: 39.7.)

Metzger, Terri R. "Outlining: 'Your order, please.'" Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. 39 (1996): 657-658.

Electronic resources:

Computer software (CD-ROM non-periodical)

Lewis, David. "Martin Luther King, Jr." The Academic American Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Danbury, CT: Grolier, Inc., 1996.

On-line Database (World-wide Web)

Author. "Title of page or document." Title of site or larger work. Date of document. Online. http://www. address/filename. Date of access.

McCleary, James. "Hatchie Bridge Battle. "Civil War Battles. 10 Mar. 1994. Online. http://www.civilwar.battles. 9 Nov. 1995.

Barker, James. "Computers Can Improve Instruction." St. Paul Pioneer Press 14 Jul. 1997, metro ed: A4. The St. Paul Pioneer Press Ondisc. CD-ROM. UMI-Proquest. Aug. 1997.

On-line Encyclopedia

Author. "Title of article." Title of reference work. Online. Title of the database or online service. Date of access.

Miller, Ralph. "Aztec Indians." Brittanica. Online. Netscape. 18 Sept. 1997.

Example Page

A correctly typed Works Cited page is given as an example.
Note: the page number is on the top of the page, the title, Works Cited, is not underlined, and all entries are in alphabetical order.

8

Works Cited

Campbell, Julie. "Captivated by Costa Rica." Sports Illustrated 20 Feb. 1995: 109+.

Goodman, Kenneth. "Language Development: Issues, Insights, and Implementation." Teachers and Research. Ed. Gay Su Pinnell and Myna L. Matlin. Delaware: International Reading Assoc., 1989. 130-137.

"International Peace Garden." Encyclopedia Americana. 1992 ed.

Lewis, David. "Martin Luther King, Jr." The Academic American Encyclopedia.CD-ROM. Danbury, CT: Grolier, Inc., 1996.

McCleary, James. "Hatchie Bridge Battle." Civil War Battles. 10 Mar. 1994. Online. http://www.civilwar.battles. 9 Nov. 1995.

McEnroe, Paul. "Security gaps found at airport." Star Tribune 21 July 1996, Mpls. ed.: Al.

Metzger, Terri R. "Outlining: 'Your order, please.'" Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy 39 (1996): 657-658.

Oman, Charles W. Castles. New York: Beekman House, 1978.
---. Dungeons. New York: Beekman House, 1979.

Pinnell, Gay Su and Myna L. Matlin, eds. Teachers and Research. Delaware: International Reading Assoc., 1989.

Volcano. Alexandria: Time Life Books, 1984.

last updated: 5-jan-04